PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.